Learn how to use the passive participles "open" and "closed"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Sherah:Hello and welcome back to hebrewpod101.com. This is Lower Intermediate, Season 1, Lesson 2 - Hurry, before the Israeli supermarket closes! I’m your host, Sherah! |
| Amir:And I’m Amir. |
| Sherah:In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use the passive participles “open” and “closed” in Hebrew |
| Amir:The conversation takes place at the Levy family house in the afternoon.: |
| Sherah:It’s between Gadi and wife Ma'ayan.: |
| Amir:The speakers are married, so they’ll be using informal Hebrew. |
| Let's listen to the conversation! |
| מעיין:אוי גדי, שכחתי לקנות עוף בסופר. |
| (Ma'ayan:Oy, Gadi! shakhaħ'ti lik'not of ba-super.) |
| גדי:אין לנו משהו במקפיא? |
| (Gadi:Ein lanu mashehu ba-mak'pi?) |
| מעיין:לא, אין לנו. כמעט ארבע... לך לראות אם הסופר עדיין פתוח. |
| (Ma'ayan:Lo, ein lanu. kimat ar'ba... lekh lir'ot im ha-super ada'in patu'aħ) |
| גדי:בסדר. |
| (Gadi:beseder) |
| מעיין:הסופר היה פתוח? |
| (Ma'ayan:Ha-super hayah patu'aħ?) |
| גדי:לא, הוא היה סגור. |
| (Gadi:Lo, hu hayah sagur.) |
| מעיין:אז למה לקח לך כל-כך הרבה זמן לחזור. |
| (Ma'ayan:Az lamah lakaħ lekha kol-kakh har'beh z'man lakh'zor?) |
| גדי:דוכן השווארמה היה פתוח. אכלתי שם כי אין לנו עוף לארוחת ערב. |
| (Gadi:Dukhan ha-sh'warmah hayah patu'aħ. Akhal'ti sham ki ein lanu of le-aruħat erev.) |
| מעיין:גדי... |
| (Ma'ayan:Gadi...) |
| Let's hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| מעיין:אוי גדי, שכחתי לקנות עוף בסופר. |
| (Ma'ayan:Oy, Gadi! shakhaħ'ti lik'not of ba-super.) |
| גדי:אין לנו משהו במקפיא? |
| (Gadi:Ein lanu mashehu ba-mak'pi?) |
| מעיין:לא, אין לנו. כמעט ארבע... לך לראות אם הסופר עדיין פתוח. |
| (Ma'ayan:Lo, ein lanu. kimat ar'ba... lekh lir'ot im ha-super ada'in patu'aħ) |
| גדי:בסדר. |
| (Gadi:beseder) |
| מעיין:הסופר היה פתוח? |
| (Ma'ayan:Ha-super hayah patu'aħ?) |
| גדי:לא, הוא היה סגור. |
| (Gadi:Lo, hu hayah sagur.) |
| מעיין:אז למה לקח לך כל-כך הרבה זמן לחזור. |
| (Ma'ayan:Az lamah lakaħ lekha kol-kakh har'beh z'man lakh'zor?) |
| גדי:דוכן השווארמה היה פתוח. אכלתי שם כי אין לנו עוף לארוחת ערב. |
| (Gadi:Dukhan ha-sh'warmah hayah patu'aħ. Akhal'ti sham ki ein lanu of le-aruħat erev.) |
| מעיין:גדי... |
| (Ma'ayan:Gadi...) |
| Now, let's hear it with the English translation. |
| מעיין:אוי גדי, שכחתי לקנות עוף בסופר. |
| (Ma'ayan:Oy, Gadi! shakhaħ'ti lik'not of ba-super.) |
| Ma'ayan:Oy, Gadi! I forgot to buy chicken at the supermarket. |
| גדי:אין לנו משהו במקפיא? |
| (Gadi:Ein lanu mashehu ba-mak'pi?) |
| Gadi:Don't we have something in the freezer? |
| מעיין:לא, אין לנו. כמעט ארבע... לך לראות אם הסופר עדיין פתוח. |
| (Ma'ayan:Lo, ein lanu. kimat ar'ba... lekh lir'ot im ha-super ada'in patu'aħ) |
| Ma'ayan:No, we don't have anything. It's almost four...go see if the supermarket is still open. |
| גדי:בסדר. |
| (Gadi:beseder) |
| Gadi:Okay. |
| מעיין:הסופר היה פתוח? |
| (Ma'ayan:Ha-super hayah patu'aħ?) |
| Ma'ayan:Was the supermarket open? |
| גדי:לא, הוא היה סגור. |
| (Gadi:Lo, hu hayah sagur.) |
| Gadi:No, it was closed. |
| מעיין:אז למה לקח לך כל-כך הרבה זמן לחזור. |
| (Ma'ayan:Az lamah lakaħ lekha kol-kakh har'beh z'man lakh'zor?) |
| Ma'ayan:So why did it take you so much time to return? |
| גדי:דוכן השווארמה היה פתוח. אכלתי שם כי אין לנו עוף לארוחת ערב. |
| (Gadi:Dukhan ha-sh'warmah hayah patu'aħ. Akhal'ti sham ki ein lanu of le-aruħat erev.) |
| Gadi:The Shawarma stand was open. I ate there because we don't have any chicken for dinner. |
| מעיין:גדי... |
| (Ma'ayan:Gadi...) |
| Ma'ayan:Gadi... |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Sherah:So, fridays in Israel are really interesting |
| Amir:Yes, because it's the day that everything winds down for the weekend. |
| Sherah:Kids usually attend school for just half a day. |
| Amir:For some people who work on fridays it will be a half day, and then there are other people who have it off. |
| Sherah:Most people spend at least part of the day cleaning the house for the shabbat. |
| Amir:And shops usually close between two and four, so if people need to do last minute shopping, they need to do it before four. After that, everything closes down until Saturday night. |
| Sherah:Some people use Friday to catch up with friends and meet them for coffee. |
| Amir:In religious families, all the cooking and cleaning has to be done before sunset. |
| Sherah:No one works from sunset on Friday until sunset on Saturday night so you have to get everything done beforehand. |
| Amir:Israel is an intense country, so it’s nice to feel everything slow down on Fridays. |
| Sherah:Yeah, it’s really nice to know that on Friday afternoons, you can totally relax and not be expected to do anything. |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Sherah:Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word that we want to talk about is מקפיא. |
| Amir:מקפיא is a noun derived from the verb להקפיא, meaning “to freeze”. |
| Sherah:As you may have guessed then, מקפיא is a freezer. This is a good example of how a root used in a certain verb group creates a family of words in Hebrew. |
| Amir:This word is taken from the hif'il verb group. It’s important to know too, that hif’il verbs carry a causative action.. |
| Sherah:So the underlying meaning is to cause something to freeze. It makes a lot of sense - you cause something to freeze by putting it in the freezer or מקפיא. |
| Amir:The second word we want to talk about is כמעט. |
| Sherah:This means “almost” and it’s used the same way as we use it in English. |
| Amir:If you get כמעט טוב in school, it means fairly good and it's the same as a C grade. |
| Sherah:Another phrase using this word is כמעט שלא. This means “hardly” or “scarcely”. |
| Amir:And the last word is shawarma. |
| Sherah:Schawarma is originally a Turkish creation that is found all over the Middle East. |
| Amir:Schawarma is meat placed on a spit that cooks all day long, and is then shaved off and put in a pita with vegetables and sauce.. |
| Sherah:Yum, shawarma is so good! I love it with lots of Tahini and garlic. Okay, now let’s move onto the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Sherah:In this lesson you’ll learn about passive participles in Hebrew. |
| Amir:Our sample sentence from the dialogue is לך לראות אם הסופר עדיין פתוח |
| Sherah:Ma’ayan says “go see if the supermarket is still open”. Right here in the dialog we see the word patu'ħ used to show a passive state “open”. |
| Amir:It's used almost like an adjective and has four forms just like adjectives do. |
| Sherah:This passive participle is derived from the verb לפתוח which means “to open.” |
| Amir:There are many other passive participles that are formed from verbs in the pa'al verb group, and they all follow the same pattern. |
| Sherah:Right, the pattern uses the 3 root letters and the vowel sound oo, and the typical adjective endings that show gender and number for the noun they agree with. |
| Amir:Here are the 4 versions using the word “open”. פתוח is the masculine, פתוחה is the feminine. |
| Sherah:פתוחים is the masculine plural and פתוחות is the feminine plural. Here are example sentences with all 4 forms of פתוח. |
| Amir:The first sentence uses the masculine singular: הסופר פתוח |
| Sherah:The supermarket is open. |
| Amir:Next is the feminine singular: המכולת פתוחה |
| Sherah:The mini-market is open. |
| Amir:Next is masculine plural: המשרדים פתוחים |
| Sherah:The offices are open. |
| Amir:Last is feminine plural: הדלתות פתוחות |
| Sherah:The doors are open. |
| Amir:As you can see, in Hebrew the passive participles have the same endings as adjectives and are used a lot like an adjective. |
| Sherah:They also agree with the subject of the sentence in the same way. |
| Amir:In the dialog, Gadi uses the passive participle for “closed”, which is סגור as well. The example sentence from the dialogue is: לא הוא היה סגור. |
| Sherah:Right, he said “no, it was closed”. He was referring to the supermarket, so the word סגור agrees with סופר. |
| Amir:The 4 forms of סגור are: סגור, סגורה, סגורים and סגורות. |
| Sherah:In this last sentence, Gadi used סגור in the past by adding a היה in front of the passive participle. |
| Amir:You can use a passive participle in the past or the future by adding the verb להיות or “to be” between the subject and the passive participle. |
| Sherah:Let’s hear two examples of this. The first is in the past, let’s say that “the offices were open”. |
| Amir:המשרדים היו פתוחים. |
| Sherah:And now in the future: The mini-market will be open. |
| Amir:המכולת תהיה פתוחה |
| Sherah:Some other common passive participles used in Hebrew are: שבור or “broken” and פנוי meaning “vacant” or “free”. |
| Amir:Others are נסוי meaning “married” and גרוש which means “divorced”. |
Outro |
|---|
| Sherah:Ok, that’s all for this lesson. Come see us at HebrewPod101.com and talk to us about what you’ve learned here. |
| Amir:And remember to check the lesson notes. Thanks for being with us, everyone, |
| Sherah:Bye! |
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