Dialogue

Vocabulary (Review)

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Lesson Transcript

INTRODUCTION
Sherah: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HebrewPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 5 - Should You Buy a Car in Israel? Sherah Here.
Amir: שלום I'm Amir.
Sherah: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to compare and contrast words. The conversation takes place at Daniel's apartment.
Amir: It's between Ella and Daniel.
Sherah: The speakers are friends, so they will use informal Hebrew. Okay, let's listen to the conversation.

Lesson conversation

אלה: אם אני חייבת גם לעבוד וגם ללמוד, אני חושבת שאני צריכה מכונית.
דניאל: זה יכול להיות טוב בשבילך, למען האמת.
אלה: זה קל יותר מלנסוע באוטובוס ממקום למקום.
דניאל: כן, אבל את קוראת הרבה באוטובוס. את לא יכולה לעשות את זה אם את נוהגת.
אלה: כמה זמן לוקח להגיע מהאוניברסיטה לעבודה שלי במכונית שלך?
דניאל: עשרים דקות אם אין פקקים.
אלה: גם באוטובוס זה לוקח בדיוק עשרים דקות.
דניאל: כן, כי נוסעים באותו מסלול.
אלה: בסדר, זה לוקח אותו זמן, אבל נוח יותר במכונית.
דניאל: לאו דווקא, אם יש פקקים, את חייבת לשבת סתם. זה מעצבן לנסוע ולעצור כל הזמן.
אלה: אבל מה אם אני רוצה לנסוע רחוק יותר?
דניאל: אז זה לוקח פחות זמן, כי באוטובוס את בדרך כלל צריכה להחליף אוטובוסים.
Sherah: Listen to the conversation one time slowly.
אלה: אם אני חייבת גם לעבוד וגם ללמוד, אני חושבת שאני צריכה מכונית.
דניאל: זה יכול להיות טוב בשבילך, למען האמת.
אלה: זה קל יותר מלנסוע באוטובוס ממקום למקום.
דניאל: כן, אבל את קוראת הרבה באוטובוס. את לא יכולה לעשות את זה אם את נוהגת.
אלה: כמה זמן לוקח להגיע מהאוניברסיטה לעבודה שלי במכונית שלך?
דניאל: עשרים דקות אם אין פקקים.
אלה: גם באוטובוס זה לוקח בדיוק עשרים דקות.
דניאל: כן, כי נוסעים באותו מסלול.
אלה: בסדר, זה לוקח אותו זמן, אבל נוח יותר במכונית.
דניאל: לאו דווקא, אם יש פקקים, את חייבת לשבת סתם. זה מעצבן לנסוע ולעצור כל הזמן.
אלה: אבל מה אם אני רוצה לנסוע רחוק יותר?
דניאל: אז זה לוקח פחות זמן, כי באוטובוס את בדרך כלל צריכה להחליף אוטובוסים.
Sherah: Listen to the conversation with the English translation
Ella: If I have to both work and study, I think I need a car.
Daniel: It could be good for you in truth.
Ella: It's easier than traveling from place to place by bus.
Daniel: Yes, but you read a lot on the bus. You can't do that if you're driving.
Ella: How long does it take to get from the university to my work with your car?
Daniel: Twenty minutes with no traffic jams.
Ella: It takes exactly twenty minutes with the bus as well.
Daniel: Yes, because you're traveling along the same route.
Ella: Okay, it takes the same amount of time, but it's more comfortable in a car.
Daniel: Not necessarily, if there are traffic jams, you have to sit for no reason. It's annoying to stop and go all the time.
Ella: But what if I want to travel farther?
Daniel: So then it takes less time, because in a bus you usually have to change buses.
POST CONVERSATION BANTER
Sherah: Buying a car in Israel isn’t a big deal – you basically exchange money and then change over the ownership on the car.
Amir: The biggest surprise for foreigners is the sticker price.
Sherah: Taxes on cars are very high in Israel.
Amir: You pay 92% tax on cars unless they have lower emissions and then the tax percent goes down.
Sherah: This is around 5 times higher than taxes you would pay in Europe.
Amir: Most people who are buying a car privately look for used cars, since the price doesn’t depreciate as much.
Sherah: New cars are generally bought by companies because they can get discounts when they buy a fleet.
Amir: They use cars as a perk for their employees, supplying them with a car to get to and from work.
Sherah: If you’re looking for a used car to buy in Israel, you can look on the Internet for private sellers or you can search in used car lots.
Amir: Either way, you need to change the car’s title into your name.
Sherah: You do this by going with the previous owner to the post office.
Amir: You just have to pay a small fee for this service.
Sherah: That’s good to know. Okay, now onto the vocab.
VOCAB LIST
Sherah: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is..
Amir: גם וגם [natural native speed]
Sherah: both
Amir: גם וגם[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Amir: גם וגם [natural native speed]
Sherah: Next we have.
Amir: לקרוא [natural native speed]
Sherah: to read
Amir: לקרוא [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Amir: לקרוא [natural native speed]
Sherah: Next we have..
Amir: לנהוג [natural native speed]
Sherah: to drive
Amir: לנהוג [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Amir: לנהוג [natural native speed]
Sherah: Next we have..
Amir: פקק [natural native speed]
Sherah: traffic jam
Amir: פקק[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Amir: פקק [natural native speed]
Sherah: Next we have..
Amir: בדיוק [natural native speed]
Sherah: exactly
Amir: בדיוק[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Amir: בדיוק [natural native speed]
Sherah: Next we have..
Amir: מסלול [natural native speed]
Sherah: route
Amir: מסלול[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Amir: מסלול [natural native speed]
Sherah: Next we have..
Amir: נוח [natural native speed]
Sherah: comfortable
Amir: נוח[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Amir: נוח [natural native speed]
Sherah: Next we have..
Amir: לאו דווקא [natural native speed]
Sherah: not necessarily
Amir: לאו דווקא[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Amir: לאו דווקא [natural native speed]
Sherah: Next we have..
Amir: מעצבן [natural native speed]
Sherah: annoying
Amir: מעצבן [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Amir: מעצבן [natural native speed]
Sherah: And last..
Amir: להחליף [natural native speed]
Sherah: to change
Amir: להחליף [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Amir: להחליף [natural native speed]
KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES
Sherah: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is..
Amir: גם וגם
Sherah: meaning "both"
Amir: The word גם means “also” and when it’s used in this expression, you are saying “also this and also that”.
Sherah: For instance, you can say you like both tomatoes and cucumber.
Amir: Which is אני אוהב גם עגבניות וגם מלפפונים
Sherah: As you can see from the sentence Amir just said, in Hebrew, you place גם in front of both items.
Amir: This is different from how you would say it in English.
Sherah: Can you give us an example using this word?
Amir: Sure. For example, you can say..הילדה רוצה גם עוגה וגם גלידה.
Sherah: ..which means "The girl wants both cake and ice cream.” Okay, what's the next word?
Amir: פקק
Sherah: meaning "traffic jam"
Amir: It can also mean “cap”, “cork” or “plug”.
Sherah: When talking about a traffic jam, most people just say פקק but if you want to be more specific, you can say פקק תנועה.
Amir: תנועה means “traffic” or “movement”.
Sherah: This word was really funny to me in the beginning because you use it when you’re talking about bottles and also when you’re talking about cars.
Amir: It is kind of funny. Another interesting thing about the word is that it reflects the sound a bottle makes when you undo the cork. פקק
Sherah: Can you give us an example using this word?
Amir: For example, you can say..היו פקקים כל הדרך.
Sherah: .. which means "There were traffic jams the whole way. " Okay, what's the next word?
Amir: לאו דווקא
Sherah: this is an Aramaic expression meaning "not necessarily".
Amir: The technical translation of this phrase would be something like “actually no”.
Sherah: Right, לאו means “no”, but it’s not often used in speech besides this expression.
Amir: דווקא is a hard word to translate into English because it can have so many different meanings.
Sherah: Here it would means something like “exactly so” or “precisely”.
Amir: לאו דווקא is a very fun expression to use in Hebrew.
Sherah: Can you give us an example using this word?
Amir: Sure. For example, you can say.. הוא הגיע לאו דווקא בגלל האוכל.
Sherah: .. which means "He didn’t necessarily come for the food." Okay, now onto the lesson focus.

Lesson focus

Sherah: In this lesson, you'll learn how to compare and contrast words. When comparing and contrasting in Hebrew, there are two important words to know – יותר meaning “more” and פחות meaning “less”.
Amir: In the first sample sentence from the dialogue, we see the basic pattern for comparing one thing to another.
Sherah: Ella says, “It's easier than traveling from place to place by bus.”
Amir: In Hebrew, that’s: זה קל יותר מלנסוע באוטובוס ממקום למקום.
Sherah: In the beginning of the sentence, Ella says זה (ze) by which she means “driving in a car”
Amir: Then she says קל יותר (kal yoter) meaning “easier”.
Sherah: She follows this with מלנסוע באוטובוס.
Amir: this means “than to travel by bus”.
Sherah: The basic pattern to compare one thing to another begins with the first thing you want to compare and the adjective you want to use.
Amir: Then you need then יותר (yoter), meaning “more”, for example something like nice, easy, light or difficult.
Sherah: In the dialogue, Ella used קל which means “easy” or “light”.
Amir: קל יותר is followed by the preposition -מ meaning “from”.
Sherah: Then you need the thing you want to compare to.
Amir: In previous lessons, we covered the comparison of two nouns.
Sherah: Here we are comparing two actions – to travel by car or to travel by bus.
Amir: Right, fortunately, the basic structure is the same.
Sherah: Let’s hear some example of comparison of nouns and comparison of actions.
Amir: The first example is with nouns: העט הכחול טוב יותר מהעט השחור.
Sherah: This means: “The blue pen is better than the black pen.” Of course, in English we have a special word for “better” but in Hebrew it’s “more good” or טוב יותר.
Amir: The example of comparing two actions is: לרוץ בחוץ מעניין יותר מלרוץ בחדר כושר.
Sherah: This means: “Running outside is more interesting than running at a gym.”
Amir: The English and the Hebrew are the same - “more interesting” and מעניין יותר.
Sherah: When you want to say something is “less” than another thing, you would use the word פחות meaning “less”.
Amir: In everyday Hebrew, the adverb “less” or פחות usually comes before the adjective.
Sherah: Right. Let’s hear these same examples but with פחות.
Amir: The first example is: העט הכחול פחות טוב מהעט השחור.
Sherah: meaning “The blue pen is worse (less good) than the black pen.” Again, the English and Hebrew are different because the Hebrew would be directly translated as “less good”.
Amir: Next we have our example with two actions: לרוץ בחדר כושר פחות מעניין מלרוץ בחוץ.
Sherah: The English translation of this is “Running at a gym is less interesting than running outside.”
Amir: I agree, I hate running at the gym.
Sherah: In the next sample sentence, Daniel says that the two take the same amount of time because they take the same route.
Amir: He says: כֵּן, כִּי נוֹסְעִים בְּאוֹתוֹ מַסְלוּל.
Sherah: He uses a word that’s quite useful when comparing things and that is אותו meaning “same”.
Amir: This word has four forms depending on the word you’re using it to describe.
Sherah: The masculine singular is אותו, like in the dialogue. The feminine singular is אותה.
Amir: The masculine plural is אותם and the feminine plural is אותן.
Sherah: In the dialogue, the word מסלול was used, so it was אותו מסלול since מסלול is masculine singular.
Amir: It is also used in the next sample sentence from the dialogue, which is: זֶה לוֹקֵחַ אוֹתוֹ זְמַן
Sherah: Or, “it takes the same time”. The second part of the sentence also uses one of our comparison words.
Amir: The second part of the sentence is: נוֹחַ יוֹתֵרבְּמְכוֹנִית.
Sherah: This means “it’s more comfortable in a car”
Amir: The last sample sentence from the dialogue is: אָז זֶה לוֹקֵחַ פָּחוֹת זְמַן, כִּי בְּאוֹטוֹבּוּס אַתְּ בְּדֶרֶךְ כְּלַל צְרִיכָה לְהַחְלִיף אוֹטוֹבּוּסִים.
Sherah: This means: “So then it takes less time because in a bus you usually have to change buses.”
Amir: Here we have the opposite of יותר which is פחות meaning “less”.
Sherah: Let’s hear some sample sentence with these comparison words.
Amir: The first sample sentence is: הוא אוהב לשחות בים יותר מבבריכה.
Sherah: Or: He likes to swim in the sea more than in a pool. This uses the comparison pattern we talked about in the beginning of the lesson.
Amir: הם נהנים מאותם דברים.
Sherah: In English it’s: They enjoy the same things.
Amir: אנחנו הולכים ברגל פחות מהילדים שלנו.
Sherah: Meaning: “We walk less than our children.”

Outro

Sherah: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye!
Amir: תודה

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