Learn how to use the same verb in the past, present, and future
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Sherah: Hello and welcome back to hebrewpod101.com! This is Lower Beginner Series Season 1, Lesson 13 - Talking About Your Studies in Hebrew. Iโm Sherah. |
| Amir: And Iโm Amir. |
| Sherah: In this lesson, you will learn how to use the same verb in the past, present and future. |
| Amir: The conversation takes place in Annaโs dorm room. |
| Sherah: Itโs between Anna and Ofir. |
| Amir: The speakers are friends, so theyโll be using informal Hebrew. |
| Sherah: Letโs listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| ืื ื: ืื ืืชื ืืืื? |
| Anna: Mah atah lomed? |
| ืืืคืืจ: ืขืืฉืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืชืืืืงื. ืฉื ื ืฉืขืืจื ืืืืชื ืืืกืืงื. |
| Ofir: Akh'shav ani lomed matematikah. Shanah she-av'rah lamad'ti musikah. |
| ืื ื: ืืื ืืชื ืื ืืืื ืืืกืืงื ืขืืฉืื. |
| Anna: Lamah atah lo lomed musikah akh'shav? |
| ืืืคืืจ: ืื ืืื ืขืืืื ืืื. ืืืื ืืืืฉื ืืืื ืกืืืืกืืืงื. |
| Ofir: Ki ein avodah be-zeh. Ula'i ba-hem'shekh el'mad statistikah. |
| ืื ื: ืื ื ืฉืืข ืื ืืืื ืืฉืขืื! |
| Anna: Zeh nish'ma li me'od mesha'amem. |
| Sherah: Letโs listen to the conversation one more time, slowly. |
| ืื ื: ืื ืืชื ืืืื? |
| Anna: Mah atah lomed? |
| ืืืคืืจ: ืขืืฉืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืชืืืืงื. ืฉื ื ืฉืขืืจื ืืืืชื ืืืกืืงื. |
| Ofir: Akh'shav ani lomed matematikah. Shanah she-av'rah lamad'ti musikah. |
| ืื ื: ืืื ืืชื ืื ืืืื ืืืกืืงื ืขืืฉืื. |
| Anna: Lamah atah lo lomed musikah akh'shav? |
| ืืืคืืจ: ืื ืืื ืขืืืื ืืื. ืืืื ืืืืฉื ืืืื ืกืืืืกืืืงื. |
| Ofir: Ki ein avodah be-zeh. Ula'i ba-hem'shekh el'mad statistikah. |
| ืื ื: ืื ื ืฉืืข ืื ืืืื ืืฉืขืื! |
| Anna: Zeh nish'ma li me'od mesha'amem. |
| Sherah: Now, letโs hear it with the English translation. |
| ืื ื: ืื ืืชื ืืืื? |
| Anna: Mah atah lomed? |
| Anna: What do you study? |
| ืืืคืืจ: ืขืืฉืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืชืืืืงื. ืฉื ื ืฉืขืืจื ืืืืชื ืืืกืืงื. |
| Ofir: Akh'shav ani lomed matematikah. Shanah she-av'rah lamad'ti musikah. |
| Ofir: Right now, I study mathematics. Last year, I studied music. |
| ืื ื: ืืื ืืชื ืื ืืืื ืืืกืืงื ืขืืฉืื. |
| Anna: Lamah atah lo lomed musikah akh'shav? |
| Anna: Why don't you study music now? |
| ืืืคืืจ: ืื ืืื ืขืืืื ืืื. ืืืื ืืืืฉื ืืืื ืกืืืืกืืืงื. |
| Ofir: Ki ein avodah be-zeh. Ula'i ba-hem'shekh el'mad statistikah. |
| Ofir: Because there isn't work in it. Maybe in the future I will study statistics. |
| ืื ื: ืื ื ืฉืืข ืื ืืืื ืืฉืขืื! |
| Anna: Zeh nish'ma li me'od mesha'amem. |
| Anna: That sounds very boring to me. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Sherah: Okay, so letโs talk a bit about studying in Israel. When I arrived in Israel, I discovered that having an University degree is very important. |
| Amir: It is - if you donโt have a degree itโs hard to find a job. |
| Sherah: It isnโt hard to find places to study though, there is at least one University in each of the major cities in Israel. |
| Amir: Right, and there are many small colleges all over the country. |
| Sherah: Now, what is the difference between a college and a university in Israel? |
| Amir: Well, universities can give doctorate degrees and colleges canโt. |
| Sherah: Okay, that makes sense. Well, another interesting thing is that people go to university later than students in other countries, because of their Army service. |
| Amir: Yes, most people serve in the army and then a year or two later they go to university. |
| Sherah: That means that they start university at around 22. |
| Amir: Right about the time that many American students are finishing their first degree. |
| Sherah: True. One other difference is that most people live close enough to their university that they can still go home on weekends, or even commute during the week. |
| Amir: Thatโs true. I went home almost every weekend. |
| Sherah: Lucky you! Ok, letโs move on to the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Sherah: Letโs take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Sherah: The first word we shall see is... |
| Amir: ืฉื ื ืฉืขืืจื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: last year |
| Amir: ืฉื ื ืฉืขืืจื [slowly - broken down by syllable] ืฉื ื ืฉืขืืจื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next |
| Amir: ืืื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: why |
| Amir: ืืื [slowly - broken down by syllable] ืืื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next |
| Amir: ืืชืืืืงื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: math, mathematics |
| Amir: ืืชืืืืงื [slowly - broken down by syllable] ืืชืืืืงื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next |
| Amir: ืืืกืืงื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: music |
| Amir: ืืืกืืงื [slowly - broken down by syllable] ืืืกืืงื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next |
| Amir: ืื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: because |
| Amir: ืื [slowly - broken down by syllable] ืื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next |
| Amir: ืืืื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: maybe, perhaps |
| Amir: ืืืื [slowly - broken down by syllable] ืืืื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next |
| Amir: ืืืืฉื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: in the future, later |
| Amir: ืืืืฉื [slowly - broken down by syllable] ืืืืฉื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next |
| Amir: ืกืืืืกืืืงื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: statistics |
| Amir: ืกืืืืกืืืงื [slowly - broken down by syllable] ืกืืืืกืืืงื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next |
| Amir: ืืฉืขืื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: boring |
| Amir: ืืฉืขืื [slowly - broken down by syllable] ืืฉืขืื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: And last... |
| Amir: ืืืืฉืืข/ื ืฉืืข [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to sound |
| Amir: ืืืืฉืืข/ื ืฉืืข [slowly - broken down by syllable] ืืืืฉืืข/ื ืฉืืข [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Sherah: Letโs take a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is ืฉื ื ืฉืขืืจื. |
| Amir: ืฉื ื ืฉืขืืจื means โlast yearโ. |
| Sherah: Technically, you could say that it means โthe year that passedโ. |
| Amir: Right, it starts out with ืฉื ื meaning โyearโ and then we have ืฉืขืืจื or โthat passedโ. |
| Sherah: Note that there is agreement between ืฉื ื and ืขืืจื, both are in the feminine. |
| Amir: In Israel, we use two calendars, the Jewish calendar and the Gregorian calendar. |
| Sherah: Right, when Amir says that they use two calendars, they really do. |
| Amir: Most religious Jews use the Jewish calendar more than the Gregorian calendar. |
| Sherah: Everyone else uses the Gregorian calendar more, but life in Israel is still lived according to both. |
| Amir: So, when you say ืฉื ื ืฉืขืืจื you can use it to refer to either year, the one according to the Jewish calendar or according to the Gregorian calendar. |
| Sherah: The next word we want to talk about is ืืืืฉื or โin the futureโ. |
| Amir: This is made up of two words, -ื and ืืืฉื. โBeโ means โinโ and ืืืฉื means โcontinuanceโ. |
| Sherah: You can use this word on its own, like in the sentence ืืื ืชืกืคืจ ืืืชืจ ืืืืฉื - โShe will tell more in the future.โ |
| Amir: Or, you could use it to connect to another word like ืืืืฉื ืืชืืื ืืช which means โlater in the programโ. |
| Sherah: The last word that we want to talk about is ื ืฉืืข or ืืืืฉืืข which means โto soundโ or โis heardโ. |
| Amir: We use this verb in the expression ืื ื ืฉืืข ืืื meaning โthat sounds goodโ. |
| Sherah: Thereโs also a very popular slang expression that almost everyone uses to greet one another. |
| Amir: You mean ืื ื ืฉืืข - the translation would be โwhat sounds?โ |
| Sherah: Right, but Israelis use it to mean โwhatโs going on?โ Okay, letโs move on to the Grammar section. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Sherah: In this lesson you will learn how to use the verb ืืืืื , โto studyโ, in all three tenses. |
| Amir: Weโre going to look at three different sentences from the dialogue for this, one in the present, one in the past and one in the future. |
| Sherah: We want to show you how a verb changes in these three tenses. |
| Amir: The verb that we are going to be demonstrating this with is ืืืืื which means โto studyโ. |
| Sherah: Right, ืืืืื is considered a regular verb in the ืคืขื verb group. |
| Amir: ืคืขื verbs are the most common verbs used in Hebrew and they have the simplest conjugation. |
| Sherah: Letโs start with the present tense. Ofir says ืื ื ืืืื ืืชืืืืงื โI study mathematicsโ. |
| Amir: ืืืื is the conjugation that he uses in the present tense. |
| Sherah: The root of ืืืืื is ื-ื-ื and in the present tense there is a vav inserted between the first and second letters of the root. |
| Amir: Right, the simplest form of of the verb โto studyโ is ืืืื like Ofir used. To conjugate for other subjects, you would use the normal present tense endings. |
| Sherah: Right, like ืืืืืช, ืืืืืื and ืืืืืืช - โstudyโ in the feminine singular and plural forms. |
| Amir: Listeners, repeat all forms after me ืืืื [pause] ืืืืืช [pause] ืืืืืื [pause] ืืืืืืช [pause] |
| Sherah: Okay, next up is the past tense. Here is the sentence that Ofir uses in the past - ืฉื ื ืฉืขืืจื ืืืืชื ืืืกืืงื. โLast year I studied music.โ |
| Amir: The verb here is ืืืืชื. โI studied.โ |
| Sherah: In the past tense, normal ืคืขื verbs use the root letters of the verb with โahโ vowels in between them as the verb stem, here itโs ืืื, and then they add on the past tense suffixes according to the agreement with the subject. |
| Amir: For example, Ofir wanted to say โI studiedโ so the suffix for โIโ is ืชื- so the verb stem ืืื becomes ืืืืชื.. |
| Sherah: Here are the conjugations for ืืืืื singular forms in the past tense. Listeners, repeat them after Amir. |
| Amir: โIโ - ืืืืชื [pause] โyou - masculineโ ืืืืช [pause] โyou - feminineโ ืืืืช [pause] โheโ ืืื [pause] โsheโ ืืืื |
| Sherah: And here are the plural forms. |
| Amir: โWeโ ืืืื ื [pause] โyou - masculineโ ืืืืชื [pause] โyou - feminineโ ืืืืชื [pause] โtheyโ ืืืื [pause] |
| Sherah: So, the last tense to tackle is the future tense. |
| Amir: With ืืืืื, the verb stem in the future is also just the root letters. โI will studyโ is ืืืื - the โehโ has been added to the verb stem for the first person conjugation. |
| Sherah: And, in the future tense, we use both prefixes and suffixes to conjugate the verbs. Repeat after Amir as he takes you through the singular conjugations for ืืืืื in the future. |
| Amir: โIโ - ืืืื [pause] โyou - masculineโ ืชืืื[pause] โyou - feminineโ ืชืืืื[pause] he ืืืื [pause] she ืชืืื |
| Sherah: If you noticed, the โyouโ masculine singular and the โsheโ conjugations are the same in the future. So now, here are the plural conjugations. |
| Amir: โWeโ ื ืืื [pause] โyou - pluralโ ืชืืืื [pause] โtheyโ ืืืืื [pause]. |
| Sherah: We hope that hearing the different conjugations of ืืืืื has helped you to understand a little more about how a verb transitions from one tense to another in Hebrew. |
| Amir: Hebrew is very logical and the patterns of the verbs sound the same from verb to verb. |
| Sherah: Once you get the rhythm of the language, itโs easier to conjugate verbs. |
Outro |
|---|
| Sherah: Ok, thatโs it for this lesson. |
| Amir: Now that youโve listened to this lesson, please visit HebrewPod101.com and tell us about your past, present and future. |
| Sherah: Thanks everyone! |
| Amir: |
| Sherah: Bye! |
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