Learn how to use the verb "to be" as a helping verb to talk about the past
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Sherah: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HebrewPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 8 - Talking About Your Childhood in Hebrew. Sherah here. |
| Amir: ืฉืืื I'm Amir. |
| Sherah: In this lesson, youโll learn about the verb "to be" as a helping or auxiliary verb to discuss the past. The conversation takes place at Ella's apartment. |
| Amir: It's between Ella and Daniel. |
| Sherah: The speakers are friends, so they will use informal Hebrew. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| ืื ืืื: ืืฉ ืืื ืขืื ืกืืคืืจืื ืืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืื? |
| ืืืจืช ืืืื: ืืื, ืชืกืคืจื ืื ืขื ืืืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืฉืื. |
| ืืื: ืืื, ืื ืืกืคืืง ืื ืืฉืืง ืขื ืืืจ ืืืืื ื ืืื, ืื ืฉืืืงืชื ืขื ืฉืืื ื. |
| ืื ืืื: ืฉืืื ื? ืืื ืื ืื ืืจืื? ืืื ืื ืืฉืขืื ืืืืช? |
| ืืืจืช ืืืื: ืืื ืื ืืืจ ืืืืื ื ืืื ืืฆื ืจืื ืืคืฉืจื. ืืืืืื ืืื ืฉื. |
| ืืื: ืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืชื ื ืืื ืืงืื, ืขื ืฉืืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืื ืืช. ืืืืชื ืื ืื ืขืฆืืื, ืฉืืืืชื ืื ืืืจื ืืืืชื. |
| ืื ืืื: ืืืจืชื ืืื ืืงืืช ืืืชื? |
| ืืื: ืื, ืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืงืืช ืืืืืืืก. |
| ืื ืืื: ืืืชืฉืืื ืืืืช ืกืืคืงื ืืืชื? |
| ืืื: ืื, ืืืคืืื ืืืืืชื ืฉืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืืกืคืืง ืืื ืืงืืช ืืืืืืืก ืืืืฆืื ืืืชื. |
| ืื ืืื: ืืขืฉืืช ืืช ืื? |
| ืืื: ื ืืกืืชื. ืืฉืื ื ืฉืื ื ืจืืชื ืืืชื ืืืืืืจื ืืืชื ืืืืชื. ืืื ืื ืืืฉื ืืื ืืืืชื ืขืืื ืขื ืืืืืืืืก, ืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืกืฃ. |
| Sherah: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Daniel: Do you have any more stories from Ella's childhood? |
| Mrs. Alon: Ella, tell him about your imaginary friends. |
| Ella: Well, it wasn't enough for me to play with one imaginary friend, so I played with eight. |
| Daniel: Eight? Why so many? Was it boring at home? |
| Mrs. Alon: She had an imaginary friend for every possible mood. And they all had names. |
| Ella: Yes, and they would all come with us everywhere, until mom forgot one in a store. I was so sad, I cried all the way home. |
| Daniel: Did you return to get him? |
| Ella: No, Mom told me he was big and therefore he can take a bus. |
| Daniel: And that answer satisfied you? |
| Ella: Yes, and so I decided that I was big enough to take a bus and find him. |
| Daniel: And did you do that? |
| Ella: I tried. Our neighbor saw me and took me back home. I have no idea how I would have gotten on the bus because I didn't have money. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Sherah: Amir, are there preschool kindergartens in Israel? |
| Amir: Of course. |
| Sherah: Can you tell us more about them? |
| Amir: Sure. Israeli preschool kindergartens usually have between 20 to 35 children. The classroom is usually one large room, which is divided into topic areas like a library, an arts-and-crafts area, a building-block area, a "kitchen" area, and so on. Every kindergarten also has a yard with some playground facilities, and many have small junk-yards with old kitchenware, and broken electrical appliances. |
| Sherah: What is the educational program in these kinds of kindergartens? |
| Amir: The educational program in preschool includes many different topics, like family, nature, Israeli holidays, food, and many more. The parents always get weekly updates of the topics learned, so that they too can be involved in the educational program. Most kindergartens have active and involved parents committees. |
| Sherah: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Sherah: Letโs take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Amir: ืืืืืช [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: childhood |
| Amir: ืืืืืช[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: ืืืืืช [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: ืืืืื ื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: imaginary |
| Amir: ืืืืื ื[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: ืืืืื ื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: ืืฆื ืจืื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: mood |
| Amir: ืืฆื ืจืื[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: ืืฆื ืจืื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: ืืฉืืื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to forget |
| Amir: ืืฉืืื[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: ืืฉืืื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: ืืืืืช [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to cry |
| Amir: ืืืืืช[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: ืืืืืช [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: ืื ืืืจื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: all the way |
| Amir: ืื ืืืจื[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: ืื ืืืจื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: ืืื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: so, therefore |
| Amir: ืืื[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: ืืื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: ืืกืคืง [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to satisfy |
| Amir: ืืกืคืง[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: ืืกืคืง [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: ืืคืืื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: for this reason |
| Amir: ืืคืืื[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: ืืคืืื [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: And last.. |
| Amir: ืืืืืืจ [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to return |
| Amir: ืืืืืืจ[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: ืืืืืืจ [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Sherah: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Amir: ืืฆื ืจืื |
| Sherah: which means โmoodโ |
| Amir: ืืฆื ืจืื consists of two words: ืืฆื, meaning โstateโ or โsituationโ, and ืจืื (ruaฤง), meaning โwindโ or โspiritโ. |
| Sherah: So, it literally means โstate of spiritโ. |
| Amir: The phrase ืืฆื ืจืื (matzav ruaฤง) is used pretty much in the same way as the word โmoodโ in English. |
| Sherah: And like the word โmoodโ, matzav ruaฤง can also be made into an adjective ืืฆืืืจื (metzuvraฤง), meaning โmoodyโ - in bad mood. Amir, can you give us an example using this word? |
| Amir: Sure. For example, you can say.. ืืื ืืืืขื ืืืื ืืขืืืื ืืืฆื ืจืื ื ืืืจ. |
| Sherah: ..which means โShe arrived to work today in a great mood.โ Okay, what's the next word? |
| Amir: ืืกืคืง |
| Sherah: which means โto satisfyโ or โto fulfillโ, but it also means โto provideโ or โto supplyโ. |
| Amir: The root letters of this verb are Samekh Peh Kuf: ืก.ืค.ืง, and the verb stem is Pi'el. |
| Sherah: You can also create a noun from this verb. |
| Amir: Right. ืืกืคืง is a verb, โto satisfyโ and ืกืืคืืง (sipuk) means โsatisfactionโ. |
| Sherah: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Amir: For example.. ืขืืืื ืืงืืืืช ืืื ืงืฉื ืืืื, ืืื ืื ืืกืคืงืช. |
| Sherah: .. which means โAgricultural work is very hard, but also satisfying.โ Okay, what's the last word? |
| Amir: ืืืืื ื |
| Sherah: ...which means โimaginaryโ |
| Amir: The adjective ืืืืื ื (dimyoni) comes from the noun ืืืืื (dimyon) - โimaginationโ. |
| Sherah: Like many other Hebrew adjectives, it consists of a noun plus the sound โiโ at the end, represented by the letter ื (Yod). |
| Amir: You can use the word ืืืืื ื (dimyoni) to describe things that are not real, that are made-up by imagination. It can be a place, a person, an object and so on. |
| Sherah: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Amir: Sure. For example, you can say.. ืื ื ืื ืืืืื ืื, ืื ื ืฉืืข ืืื ืกืืคืืจ ืืืืื ื. |
| Sherah: .. which means โI don't believe him, it sounds like an imaginary story.โ Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
| Sherah: In this lesson, youโll learn about the verb โto beโ as a helping or auxiliary verb to discuss the past. The verb โto beโ in Hebrew is irregular like it is in other languages. Ok, Amir, letโs conjugate it in the past tense. โI wasโ will be... |
| Amir: ืืืืชื |
| Sherah: you, singular, masculine |
| Amir: ืืืืช |
| Sherah: you, singular, feminine |
| Amir: ืืืืช |
| Sherah: he |
| Amir: ืืื |
| Sherah: she |
| Amir: ืืืืชื |
| Sherah: we |
| Amir: ืืืื ื |
| Sherah: you, plural, masculine |
| Amir: ืืืืชื |
| Sherah: you, plural, feminine |
| Amir: ืืืืชื |
| Sherah: They |
| Amir: ืืื |
| Sherah: Verbs in the past tense in Hebrew are set up so that you don't always need to use the subject: it can be understood from the verb itself. |
| Amir: So, when the action is done by the speaker or by the listener - that is, first or second person - you can omit the subject. For example, ืืืคื ืืืืช ืืชืืื? |
| Sherah: This means โWhere were you yesterday?โ |
| Amir: The sentence includes three words: ืืืคื (efo), โwhereโ; ืืืืช (hayita), โwereโ; and ืืชืืื (etmol), โyesterdayโ. |
| Sherah: Since the word for โwereโ is already conjugated to include โyouโ, single masculine, the word for โyouโ - ืืชื (ata) - is omitted. |
| Amir: The same applies for โto beโ in past tense , first person. For example..ืืชืืื ืืืืชื ืืื. |
| Sherah: โYesterday I was at the beach.โ In this sentence we omitted the word for โIโ - ืื ื (ani), as the word for โwasโ is already conjugated to include โIโ. |
| Amir: So, if you want to stress the subject you can use it, but it's not necessary. |
| Sherah: Ok, I think thatโs clear. Our next grammar point is the verb โto beโ plus adjective. In our dialog we have a sentence... |
| Amir: ืืืืชื ืื ืื ืขืฆืืื, ืฉืืืืชื ืื ืืืจื ืืืืชื. |
| Sherah: which means โI was so sad, I cried all the way home.โ As you can see, Ella is not using the word ืื ื (ani), โIโ. The word โwasโ implies it. |
| Amir: We can also see Ella using a structure of โto beโ + adjective - ืืืืชื ืขืฆืืื (hayiti atzuva), โI was sadโ. |
| Sherah: Hebrew adjectives have to agree with their subject in gender and number, but they donโt change according to tense or person. |
| Amir: So the adjective ืขืฆืืื (atzuva) meaning โsadโ which is singular feminine, will stay the same whenever Ella is saying it about herself - in past, present or future tense. |
| Sherah: This also goes for objects. If you want to say that the food was delicious, you will use the adjective ืืขืื (taโim). |
| Amir: You can use the object in your sentence, for example, salad, or simply refer to it as ืื (ze), โthatโ, masculine. ืื ืืื ืืขืื ืืืื |
| Sherah: โThat was very delicious.โ Amir, can you give us more examples? |
| Amir: Sure. ืืื ืืืืชื ืจืืืขื. |
| Sherah: โShe was calm.โ This sentence is using the structure โto beโ + adjective, to talk about a female in the third person. |
| Amir: ืื ืืื ื ืืืืื ืืืื. |
| Sherah: โThey were nice to me.โ This sentence is using the structure โto beโ + adjective, to talk about a third person-plural subject - โtheyโ. Listeners, as always, please check the lesson notes for more examples and explanation. |
Outro |
| Sherah: Okay, thatโs all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and weโll see you next time! Bye! |
| Amir: ืืืชืจืืืช |
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