Learn how to use construct nouns and agreement
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Sherah: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HebrewPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 2 -What’s the Weather Forecast for Israel this Week? Sherah Here. |
| Amir: שלום I'm Amir. |
| Sherah: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use construct nouns and about agreement. The conversation takes place at Ella's apartment. |
| Amir: It's between Ella and Daniel. |
| Sherah: The speakers are friends, so they will speak informal Hebrew. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| חזאי: בתחזית לשבוע הקרוב, יש לנו מזג אוויר הפוך מהשמש שהייתה לנו השבוע. |
| חזאי: ממחר הטמפרטורות ירדו מתחת לרגיל לעונה ויהיה לנו סוף-סוף גשם. |
| : נתחיל את השבוע עם סופת רעמים. |
| : רוב הגשם יגיע בבוקר וירד בצפון הארץ. |
| : במרכז הארץ הגשם יהיה חלש יותר אבל יש סיכוי לברד. |
| : הגשם יימשך עד יום שלישי בשעות הבוקר המוקדמות. |
| חזאי: מיום שלישי בצהריים תהיה לנו שוב שמש עד סוף השבוע. |
| אלה: חבל! עכשיו אי אפשר ללכת לטיול שתכננו. |
| דניאל: (מחדר אחר) מה? לא הקשבתי. מה היה בתחזית? |
| אלה: אמרו שתהיה סופת רעמים חזקה וגשם עד יום שלישי. |
| דניאל: לא נורא, נעביר את הטיול שלנו לסוף השבוע. |
| Sherah: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| חזאי: בתחזית לשבוע הקרוב, יש לנו מזג אוויר הפוך מהשמש שהייתה לנו השבוע. |
| חזאי: ממחר הטמפרטורות ירדו מתחת לרגיל לעונה ויהיה לנו סוף-סוף גשם. |
| : נתחיל את השבוע עם סופת רעמים. |
| : רוב הגשם יגיע בבוקר וירד בצפון הארץ. |
| : במרכז הארץ הגשם יהיה חלש יותר אבל יש סיכוי לברד. |
| : הגשם יימשך עד יום שלישי בשעות הבוקר המוקדמות. |
| חזאי: מיום שלישי בצהריים תהיה לנו שוב שמש עד סוף השבוע. |
| אלה: חבל! עכשיו אי אפשר ללכת לטיול שתכננו. |
| דניאל: (מחדר אחר) מה? לא הקשבתי. מה היה בתחזית? |
| אלה: אמרו שתהיה סופת רעמים חזקה וגשם עד יום שלישי. |
| דניאל: לא נורא, נעביר את הטיול שלנו לסוף השבוע. |
| Sherah: Listen to the conversation with the English translation |
| Forecaster: In the forecast for next week, the weather will be opposite from the sun we have this week. |
| Forecaster: From tomorrow, the temperatures will drop below normal for the season and we will finally have rain. |
| : We will begin the week with a thunderstorm. |
| : Most of the rain will come in the morning and will be in the north of the country. |
| : In the center of the country the rain will be weaker, but there is a chance of hail. |
| : The rain will continue through Tuesday in the morning. |
| forecaster: From Tuesday afternoon, we will have sun again until the end of the week. |
| Ella: Too bad! Now it's not possible to go on the trip we planned. |
| Daniel: (from another room) What? I wasn't listening. What was the forecast? |
| Ella: They said there will be thunderstorms and rain until Tuesday. |
| Daniel: It's not that bad, we'll move our trip to the weekend. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Sherah: In Israel, there are basically two seasons, summer and winter. |
| Amir: In summer it’s hot and in winter is cool and rainy. |
| Sherah: The winter presents some difficulties, especially in the south of Israel. |
| Amir: Well, flash floods are always a problem in desert areas. |
| Sherah: Yes, and in Israel it’s no different. |
| Amir: Not much rain falls in the desert. |
| Sherah: But when it does, the ground can’t absorb the water so quickly, so it all ends up in the wadis. |
| Amir: This leads to flash floods that are very dangerous. |
| Sherah: What makes it even more dangerous is that it could be sunny where you are in the desert and you can still get flash floods. |
| Amir: If it rains higher up in the mountains or hills, it can still flood further down. |
| Sherah: If you’re in Israel in the rainy season, make sure you check the weather forecast before traveling to the desert. |
| Amir: Listen to the news while you’re traveling, just to make sure you’ll be safe. |
| Sherah: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Sherah: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Amir: תחזית [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: forecast |
| Amir: תחזית[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: תחזית [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: עונה [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: season |
| Amir: עונה[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: עונה [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: סופה [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: storm |
| Amir: סופה [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: סופה [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: סופת רעמים [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: thunderstorm |
| Amir: סופת רעמים[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: סופת רעמים [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: ברד [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: hail |
| Amir: ברד[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: ברד [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: להימשך [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to continue |
| Amir: להימשך[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: להימשך [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have |
| Amir: שעות הבוקר [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: the morning hours |
| Amir: שעות הבוקר[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: שעות הבוקר [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have |
| Amir: שוב [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: again |
| Amir: שוב[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: שוב [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: להקשיב [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to listen |
| Amir: להקשיב[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: להקשיב [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: And last.. |
| Amir: להעביר [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to transfer |
| Amir: להעביר[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: להעביר [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Sherah: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Amir: תחזית |
| Sherah: meaning "forecast" |
| Sherah: This is a feminine noun, as you can see from the ending of the word. |
| Amir: It’s often paired with מזג אוויר to mean “weather forecast”. |
| Sherah: You’ll mostly hear it when talking about the weather, but you may also hear it when talking about science or תחזית מדעית. |
| Amir: or when talking about economics or תחזית כלכלית. |
| Sherah: Or even politics, which is תחזית פוליטית. |
| Sherah: So, can you give us an example using this word? |
| Amir: Sure. For example, you can say..תחזית מזג האוויר למחר היא שירד גשם.. |
| Sherah: ..which means "The weather forecast for tomorrow is rain." |
| Sherah: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Amir: סופת רעמים |
| Sherah: meaning "thunderstorm" |
| Sherah: This is a סמיכות or a construct phrase, so it is made up of two words in Hebrew. |
| Amir: The first word is סופה which means a “storm” or a “gale”. |
| Sherah: In סמיכות the heh from the end of סופה is dropped and replaced by a tav, so it becomes סופת. |
| Amir: The second word is רעמים meaning “thunder” in the plural. |
| Sherah: So רעמים would be “lots of thunder”, since it’s plural. “Thunder” in English is both singular and plural, but Hebrew has both a singular and a plural form. |
| Amir: Looks that way. Other kind of storms are סופת חול meaning a “sand storm” and a סופת שלג which is a “snow storm”. |
| Sherah: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Amir: Sure. For example, you can say.. התעוררתי לרעש של סופת רעמים. |
| Sherah: .. which means "I woke up to the noise of a thunderstorm.” Okay, what's the next word? |
| Amir: ברד |
| Sherah: meaning "hail" |
| Sherah: This is a masculine noun. |
| Amir: It’s not so common in Israel but we do get it once in awhile. |
| Sherah: It’s also used for ice drinks, like slushies. |
| Amir: Right, those are very popular here in the summer when it’s hot. |
| Sherah: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Amir: Sure. For example, you can say..אתמול ירד ברד בגודל של כדורי גולף. |
| Sherah: .. which means "Yesterday, it hailed hail the size of golf balls. " |
| Sherah: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
| Sherah: In this lesson, you'll learn about construct nouns and agreement. As we’ve covered in previous seasons, there is a special form for construct phrases in Hebrew. |
| Amir: Or as we say in Hebrew - סמיכות. |
| Sherah: The first thing to note is that the order of the words is the opposite from what we would say in English. |
| Amir: For instance, with סופת רעמים you are saying “storm thunder”. |
| Sherah: Another thing that is specific to the form is that the noun in the first position sometimes changes form according to the gender. |
| Amir: When the first noun is masculine, it usually stays the same, but may have some vowel changes. |
| Sherah: Right, so let’s look at some examples of a סמיכות with a masculine noun in the first position. |
| Amir: The first example from the dialogue is מזג אוויר |
| Sherah: Or “weather” in English. מזג means “temperament” and אוויר mean “air”. |
| Amir: The next example is צפון הארץ |
| Sherah: Which is “north of the country”. |
| Amir: The last example with a masculine noun in the first position is מרכז הארץ. |
| Sherah: Meaning “center of the country”. The other situation where the first noun doesn’t change form is with a feminine plural noun. |
| Amir: We have one of these examples in the dialogue as well and that is שעות הבוקר |
| Sherah: Which means “morning hours”. When the first noun is a feminine singular noun, then it changes form. |
| Amir: Right, the heh is dropped and replaced with a tav. We had a סמיכות like this in the vocab section, סופת רעמים. |
| Sherah: That’s “thunderstorm”. |
| Amir: But if a feminine singular noun is in the first position and it already ends in a tav, it doesn’t change form, like מנהלת בנק |
| Sherah: This isn’t from the dialogue, but it means “bank manager”. |
| Amir: The kind of noun that changes form in the first position is a masculine plural noun. |
| Sherah: Right. it drops the mem sofit, and the last syllable turns from “im” to “ei”. |
| Amir: So, מרכזים becomes מרכזי קניות in shopping centers. |
| Sherah: When you add an adjective to the mix, it needs to agree with one of the words in the סמיכות. |
| Amir: That’s usually going to be the first word, but it can also be the second. |
| Sherah: Whichever word it is, it has to agree in number and gender. |
| Amir: An example of this would be if you want to say a strong thunderstorm, you would say סופת רעמים חזקה |
| Sherah: חזקה agrees with סופה and not with רעמים. |
| Amir: There is an example of this also in the dialogue with the phrase שעות הבוקר המוקדמות. |
| Sherah: מוקדמות agrees with שעות in this case. |
| Amir: One thing to remember here is to add the definite article -ה to the adjective if it needs it. |
| Sherah: Right, if it’s used in the סמיכות, you need it also with the adjective. Let’s hear more sample sentences that use a סמיכות. |
| Amir: The first is מנהלת הבנק החדשה התחילה לעבוד היום. |
| Sherah: This means “The new bank manager started working today.” |
| Amir: The second sentence is: הייתם במרכזי הקניות היפים שיש באילת? |
| Sherah: The translation is: “Have you been to the nice new shopping centers in Eilat?” |
| Amir: The last sentence is: איפה היית בשעות הערב? |
| Sherah: Meaning “Where were you in the evening?” |
Outro |
| Sherah: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Amir: תודה |
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