Learn how to show possession
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Sherah: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HebrewPod101.com. This is Beginner Season 1 Lesson 12 - Has the Israeli Restaurant Lost Your Order? Sherah Here. |
| Amir: שלום I'm Amir. |
| Sherah: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to show possession and use the irregular hif'il verb להביא. The conversation takes place in a restaurant. |
| Amir: It's between Natan and a Waitress. |
| Sherah: The speakers are in a casual setting, so they’ll be using informal Hebrew. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| נתן: סליחה! |
| מלצרית: כן, בבקשה? |
| נתן: אנחנו מחכים כבר חצי שעה לאכול. |
| מלצרית: באמת? אני מצטערת! אני בודק מה קורה עם האוכל שלכם. |
| (מביאה אוכל) |
| מלצרית: הנה האוכל שלכם. |
| נתן: תודה. (הוא אוכל) סליחה מלצרית! |
| מלצרית: כן? |
| נתן: האוכל שלנו כבר קר וזה גם לא מה שהזמנתי. |
| מלצרית: בסדר. אני מביאה לך חדש. |
| נתן: תודה לך. |
| Sherah: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| נתן: סליחה! |
| מלצרית: כן, בבקשה? |
| נתן: אנחנו מחכים כבר חצי שעה לאכול. |
| מלצרית: באמת? אני מצטערת! אני בודק מה קורה עם האוכל שלכם. |
| (מביאה אוכל) |
| מלצרית: הנה האוכל שלכם. |
| נתן: תודה. (הוא אוכל) סליחה מלצרית! |
| מלצרית: כן? |
| נתן: האוכל שלנו כבר קר וזה גם לא מה שהזמנתי. |
| מלצרית: בסדר. אני מביאה לך חדש. |
| נתן: תודה לך. |
| Sherah: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Nathan: Excuse me! |
| Waitress: Yes? |
| Nathan: We've been waiting already half an hour for food. |
| Waitress: Really? I'm sorry! I’ll check what's going on with your food. |
| (Bringing food) |
| Waitress: Here is your food. |
| Nathan: Thank you. (He eats) Excuse me, Waitress! |
| Waitress: Yes? |
| Nathan: Our food is cold and it isn't what I ordered. |
| Waitress: Okay. I’ll bring you a new dish. |
| Nathan: Thank you. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Sherah: You know, once upon a time when I was student I thought about looking for a job as a waitress. |
| Amir: Really? I didn’t know that! |
| Sherah: Well, at the time waiters and waitresses in Israel often worked under the table, with tips making up most of their salary. In the end, I couldn’t bring myself to do it! |
| Amir: Things have changed since then though. There are now laws that make that illegal. |
| Sherah: Exactly... now restaurant owners must pay their staff a salary and pay national insurance or בטוח לאומי for them. |
| Amir: This has turned out to be both a good thing and a bad thing. |
| Sherah: Right, in some restaurants the wait staff get a low salary and their tips on top of that. |
| Amir: In other restaurants, the owner counts what the waiter makes in tips towards their salary. |
| Sherah: In this case, if they make more than their salary, the owner takes the extra to cover certain expenses. |
| Amir: As you can imagine, wait staff in restaurants like that may have a difficult time with the situation. |
| Sherah: This can be a good thing though, because if you come up short of your salary, the owner may pay you from his own pocket. |
| Amir: So, not all Israeli waiters are dependent on tips, but you never know who is and who isn’t, so it’s good to leave a tip anyway. |
| Sherah: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Sherah: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Amir: לחכות [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to wait |
| Amir: לחכות[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: לחכות [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: כבר [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: already, yet |
| Amir: כבר[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: כבר [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: לבדוק [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to check |
| Amir: לבדוק[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: לבדוק [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: אוכל [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: food |
| Amir: אוכל [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: אוכל [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: מלצרית [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: waitress |
| Amir: מלצרית [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: מלצרית [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: להזמין [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to order |
| Amir: להזמין[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: להזמין [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: להביא [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to bring |
| Amir: להביא[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: להביא [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Sherah: Let's take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Amir: כבר |
| Sherah: meaning "already" or “in a minute”. |
| Sherah: Natan uses this word when he says they’ve been “waiting already half an hour for food”. |
| Amir: The Hebrew is אנחנו מחכים כבר חצי שעה לאכול |
| Sherah: כבר is an adverb and only has one form. |
| Amir: In Israel, people often say אני כבר בא |
| Sherah: Yes, they do! This means, “I’ll be right there” or literally, “I’m already coming”. |
| Amir: One common expression that uses this word is אם כבר אז כבר |
| Sherah: This is a good one! It means, “if you’re already going to do something, you might as well do it properly.” |
| Amir: Another expression you’ll often hear with this word is כבר לא. |
| Sherah: This means “no longer” |
| Amir: ...or technically “already not”. |
| Sherah: Can you give us an example using כבר? |
| Amir: Sure. For example, you can say.. היא כבר נוסעת לתל אביב |
| Sherah: ..which means "She’s already traveling to Tel Aviv." |
| Sherah: The next word is.. |
| Amir: לבדוק |
| Sherah: meaning "to check" |
| Amir: It can also mean “to examine or inspect” |
| Sherah: In the present tense, the two singular conjugations are בודק and בודקת. |
| Amir: And the plural conjugations are בודקים and בודקות. |
| Sherah: The noun בדיקה is derived from this verb and it means “inspection” or “examination. |
| Amir: בדיקה is often used in the context of going to the doctor for an examination. |
| Sherah: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Amir: Sure. For example, you can say.. הרופא בודק את החולה |
| Sherah: ..which means "The doctor is checking the patient." Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
| Sherah: In this lesson you will learn to complain about and send back food. In spoken Hebrew, the most common way we show possession is by using the particle של. |
| Amir: של means “of” and this is a concept used in English as well, although not as often. |
| Sherah: Right, we do use it sometimes, like in the phrase “this is the cookie of that boy”. |
| Amir: It’s not as common as in Hebrew though. You would probably say “that’s the boy’s cookie” instead. In Hebrew, we would say זה העוגיה של הילד |
| Sherah: This phrase has two nouns separated by the particle של, here it’s העוגיה של הילד |
| Amir: Notice that both nouns are preceded by the definite article -ה because we are talking about two specific things, the cookie and the boy. |
| Sherah: The particle של stays the same no matter the number or gender of the nouns. |
| Amir: For example, if we said the boys’ cookies, making both nouns plural, it would be העוגיות של הילדים. |
| Sherah: You can also change “the boy” to the name of a specific boy. |
| Amir: For instance, you could say העוגיה של ישי |
| Sherah: This means “Yishai’s cookie” |
| Amir: Our sample sentence from the dialogue is אני בודקת מה קורה עם האוכל שלכם |
| Sherah: This means “I’ll check what’s happening with your food.” The part of the sentence we want to focus on is האוכל שלכם. |
| Amir: Here we have שלכם which is the inflected form of של. |
| Sherah: That means that של is combined with a pronoun suffix כם, meaning “your” in the masculine plural, to show possession. |
| Amir: Another sample sentence from the dialogue is הנה האוכל שלכם |
| Sherah: This uses the same inflection of של or “your” in the masculine plural. |
| Amir: The last sample from the dialogue is האוכל שלנו כבר קר |
| Sherah: “Our food is already cold” Here the inflection is שלנו meaning “our”. |
| Amir: There are ten possible inflections for של depending on the number and gender of the possessor. |
| Sherah: They use common pronoun endings, so if you know your pronoun endings it’s easier to know how to inflect של. In the meantime, we’ll quickly go through them. |
| Amir: “My” is שלי, “our” is שלנו |
| Sherah: “Your” in the masculine singular is שלך and in the feminine singular is שלך. |
| Amir: “Your” in the plural is שלכם for the masculine and שלכן for the feminine. |
| Sherah: “His” is שלו and “hers” is שלה. |
| Amir: “Their” is שלהם in the masculine and שלהן in the feminine. |
| Sherah: One thing I want to point out is that the word “your” in English covers four different inflections in Hebrew, so it’s important to know who you are talking to in Hebrew. |
| Amir: Right, eventually it will be second nature, but in the beginning you have to think about what form to use. |
| Sherah: And remember, you can always check the lesson notes to reinforce what you’ve learned in this lesson. |
Outro |
| Sherah: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Amir: תודה |
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