Dialogue

Vocabulary

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Lesson Notes

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Lesson Transcript

INTRODUCTION
Sherah:Hello and welcome back to Hebrewpod101.com. This is Lower Intermediate, Season 1, Lesson 22 - Where Should I Put These Israeli Flowers? I’m your host, Sherah!
Amir:And I’m Amir.
Sherah:In this lesson, you'll learn how to use adjectives with a construct state in Hebrew.
Amir:The conversation takes place at a wedding reception hall.
Sherah:It’s between Ma’ayan and her employee.
Amir:The speakers are co-workers, and they’ll be using informal Hebrew.
POST CONVERSATION BANTER
Sherah:We’ve talked about weddings in Israel and what a big deal they are. Let’s talk about wedding halls.
Amir:I haven’t been to very many weddings in Israel that weren’t in a wedding hall.
Sherah:Yes, weddings usually have about 300-400 guest, so they're usually done in a wedding hall like the one Ma’ayan works in.
Amir:Wedding halls are usually completely indoors in the city, but outside of the city, they are indoor-outdoor facilities or completely outdoor.
Sherah:These wedding halls usually charge by the guest and will have in-house catering.
Amir:They'll have three different sections. They'll have a place for the ceremony where you can put the chuppah.
Sherah:Right, this place will have very limited seating, usually only reserved for older guests.
Amir:Then they'll have seating for the meal.
Sherah:The third section is a place to dance. Because Israelis love to dance, especially at weddings.
Amir:The wedding party is responsible for hiring a DJ or a band in this case.
Sherah:Yes, and if the wedding is a religious wedding, the dancing will be sectioned off between the men and the women.
KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES
Sherah:Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word we want to talk about is קופסה.
Amir:A קפסה is a “box”, “can”, “tin,” or “canister.”
Sherah:The cool thing about this word is you can call pretty much all the packaged items from the supermarket a קופסה.
Amir:Right, you pretty much can. There are a few different smichuts that use this word, like קופסת גפרורים which is a "matchbox."
Sherah:Another one is קופסת טבק and this is a "snuffbox."
Amir:The last smichut that uses קופסה is קופסת סיגריות meaning a "pack of cigarettes."
Sherah:The next word we want to talk about is ליד, which is a preposition meaning “beside”, “next to,” or “by”.
Amir:Literally this means “on hand”.
Sherah:Like other prepositions, this one takes pronoun suffixes. For instance, לידי means “next to me” or “beside me”.
Amir:And לידו means “beside him”.
Sherah:The last word we want to talk about is the verb לשים.
Amir:This verb means “to lay,” “set”, or “place,” and it's from the pa’al verb group.
Sherah:Right, and conjugations in the past and present only use two of the root letters, sin and mem.
Amir:There are several useful expressions that use this verb, the first is לא שם עליו which means “disregard him”.
Sherah:Another expression we talked about in earlier lessons is לשים לב, and this means “to notice.”
Amir:The last expression also means “disregard him,” and that's לשים פס עליו.
Sherah:Literally, this means “to put a line on him”. It’s an interesting expression. Okay, now onto the grammar.
GRAMMAR POINT
Sherah:In this lesson, you’ll learn about adjective agreement with construct nouns or שמיכויות
Amir:To remind you, a שמיכות is two or three nouns that are placed together because they're dependent on one another for their meaning.
Sherah:In Hebrew, the construct noun has a specific structure, vowel pattern, and grammar rules.
Amir:When you add an adjective to one of the words in a שמיכות these adjectives need to work within those rules.
Sherah:First of all, the adjective needs to agree with whichever noun it modifies in number and gender.
Amir:It will usually agree with the first noun in the שמיכות, but sometimes it will agree with one of the other nouns in the שמיכות.
Sherah:When both nouns in the שמיכות are the same number and gender it can be confusing what noun the adjective modifies.
Amir: The sample sentence from the dialogue is פרחי הנוי הלבנים הולכים על שולחן העץ שם
Sherah:Ma’ayan uses the smichut פרחי הנוי הלבנים. In this smichut, the adjective לבנים is describing the color of the flowers.
Amir:So it has the same number and gender as פרחים.
Sherah:The adjective also carries the definite article because the smichut does.
Amir:Later in the dialogue, Ma’ayan says אתה יודע איפה כוסות היין היפות? She asks her employee where the nice wine glasses are.
Sherah:The smichut she uses is כוסות היין, or "wine glasses," and she modifies this with the adjective יפות, which agrees with the noun כוסות.
Amir:When you want to talk about red wine glasses, the agreement moves from the first noun to the second noun.
Sherah:Right, the smichut with the adjective would then be כוסות יין אדום.
Amir:יין is masculine singular, so אדום is as well. The sample sentence would then be אתה יודע איפה כוסות היין האדום
Sherah:Let’s look at other examples of adjective agreement using the smichut חנות ספרים or “bookstore”. Amir will give the Hebrew, and I'll give the English.
Amir: The first is with an adjective agreeing with the first noun or the construct noun חנות ספרים מרכזית
Sherah:"central bookstore"
Amir:If you add a definite article to it, it becomes חנות הספרים המרכזית
Sherah:"The central bookstore." Now we'll show adjective agreement with the second now, the absolute noun.
Amir:חנות ספרים חינוכיים
Sherah:"an educational book store"
Amir:And with a definite article, חנות הספרים החינוכיים
Sherah:"The educational bookstore." Let’s look at two example sentences, the first is where the adjective modifies the first noun.
Amir:שתיתי בקבוק מיים גדול היום
Sherah:"I drank a big bottle of water today." The next sentence is where the adjective modifies the second noun in the smichut.
Amir:הילד מעדיף בקבוק מיים קרים
Sherah:"The boy prefers a bottle of cold water."

Outro

Sherah:Ok, that’s all for this lesson. Come see us at HebrewPod101.com and talk to us about what you’ve learned here. And don’t forget to check the lesson notes!
Amir:Thanks for being with us, everyone,
Sherah:Bye!

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